eVTOL

● Urban Mobility: Ability to take off and land vertically allows eVTOLs to operate in confined spaces like rooftops, helipads, and urban environments.

● Autonomous Flight Capabilities: Many eVTOL designs incorporate advanced automation and autonomous flight systems to enhance safety and operational efficiency.

● Multiple Rotor Configurations: Can feature various designs such as multicopters, tiltrotors, and ducted fans, each offering different advantages in terms of efficiency, stability, and noise reduction.

● Versatility: Suitable for various applications including passenger transport, air taxis, cargo delivery, emergency medical services, and aerial inspections.

● Environmentally Friendly: Reduced carbon emissions compared to traditional fossil fuel-powered aircraft.

Compared with small-scale UAVs, eVTOLs have a heavier load and higher battery requirements, with battery voltages over 100 volts and currents up to 100 to 300 amperes. High voltage and current batteries require more series and parallel connections. EVTOLs demand a higher charge/discharge rate and consistency between cells. Assembling modules requires uniform heat control and dissipation, making the manufacture of batteries more difficult. Batteries for eVTOLs should be highly reliable and need a balance between high C-rate, high energy density, and long cycle life.

● High Energy Density: Essential for providing sufficient energy for sustained flight while keeping the weight of the aircraft manageable. Typically in the range of 200-300 Wh/kg.

● High Power Output: Required for the vertical takeoff and landing phases, which demand high thrust. Usually around 1-2 kW/kg.

● High Voltage: Higher voltages help to reduce the current for the same power level, improving efficiency and reducing the weight of electrical components. Typically in the range of 400V to 800V.

● High Capacity: Determines the amount of energy stored, affecting the maximum flight time and range. Often in the range of 100 kWh to 300 kWh.

● Fast Charging Capability: Important for quick turnaround times in commercial operations. Usually around 2C to 5C.

● Safety: Enhanced safety features, including thermal management systems and robust Battery Management Systems (BMS), to ensure reliable operation under various conditions.