How to choose solar system and deep cycle batteries?

Time For a Change

There’s evidence to suggest that we could be the last generation powered by fossil fuels. Recent investments in renewable energy sources, such as wind, solar and biomass, have rapidly increased the competitiveness of fossil fuel alternatives.

The Paris Agreement is the world's first comprehensive climate agreement. Its purpose is to change current global climate problems, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the long-term temperature goal is to keep the increase in global average temperature to well below 2℃ above pre-industrial levels. Our planet needs us to contribute as much as we can to save it from climate change. One great way to do it is installing solar panels in our home to provide our home appliances of natural energy. Nevertheless, more things can take advantage of solar energy. Besides standard home, there are solar panels for recreational vehicles, solar panels for boats, for power stations and several devices. We must be aware of the benefits that solar panels bring to the world and take the initiative to use them and to encourage others to install them too everywhere they can.

Where to apply solar panels

In today's market, it's possible to find from small solar panels to some others able to provide large amounts of power. Therefore, we can provide solar energy objects like houses or vehicles of all kinds.

RVs

Solar panels for RV are a good alternative for noisy generators and allow visiting many more places as does not require the existence of public grid hook-ups.

Power Station (Generator)

Buying a portable power station with solar panels means a very good investment; these generators would represent a reliable source of power in case of a power emergency. Moreover, people who are more worried about the environment use these as a source of consistent clean energy.

Marine (Small Boat)

Acquiring a solar panel for boats, it’s a great way to complement our boat’s battery system. These are able to either increase or replace other charging sources. A boat can benefit from a solar panel because it can use all the energy stored in it to its behalf. There are cases where even these panels are able to store more energy than it’s needed, possibly damaging our boat’s battery if a charge controller is not configured.

How to choose solar panels for the battery?

How many watts, amperage and volts do I need for my solar panels?

Watts

If we are thinking to install solar panels in our home, we must know how many kilowatts by the hour are used in our house consume. This will avoid making excessive spend when choosing solar panels. We can easily know this measurement looking at our power bill and searching for "Kilowatt Hours Used" or "kWh". To calculate the necessary amount of energy we will require, we need to multiply the hours of use by the power consumption in watts. An average US home uses around 1.25 kWh, nevertheless, it can be so much more in houses where several air conditioners are used every day.

Amperage

The amps are the measure of the quantity of electricity our solar panel produces. The number follows a series of variables like the sun's intensity on any given hour, the power of the solar panel, and the electric circuit component our solar panel is connected to. A 100-Watt panel is able to produce an average of 6amps. To know the amps our panels produce, it's possible to convert Watts into Amps by dividing the energy in Watts by the voltage.

Voltage

In regular conditions, a 12V solar panel is able to output around 16 and 18 volts. This is because, under unfavorable conditions, the panel needs at least 13.6 volts to charge. To calculate volts, it's just necessary to divide Watts by Amps.

Size

To determine the size of our solar power system we must know the power requirements of all things we want to provide electricity combined, and sunshine hours expected at the specific time of the year we plan to use the solar panels. With these two figured out, we divide the Watts by the hours of sunshine and the result is the approximate large of the panel we need. There are conditions that limit some options in terms of the size of the panel we should buy. For example, there are roofs which form does not allow to buy every possible panel, likewise, if part of the roof the panels will be installed are shaded most of the time, we will be in the urgency to think how to make the most advantage of the remaining roof area to enhance our solar power system. With this in mind, we will be able to determine the most accurate number of panels, its dimensions, and power generation capacity to have an efficient system at a lower cost.

Output Connections

An effective practice to apply to our solar panels system is to connect the different panels whether in a series, to increase its output voltage, or to generate more direct current; or connect them in parallel to increase the amperage of the circuit. Wiring panels in a series is made by connecting the positive terminal of the first panel with the negative terminal of the next one, until we are left with a single positive and a single negative connection. On the other hand, to wire panels in parallel, it's necessary to connect all the positive terminals with the next positive terminal; and negative terminals with the next negative terminal.

Output Power

The output power of a solar panel is expressed in units of Watts. This is possibly the most important thing to have in mind when looking at solar panels. The output power can be considered as the power production of the panel. The direct current that a panel is able to produce certainly depends on the weather conditions. Nevertheless, standard levels of output power or wattage should not be less than 250 Watts. Multiplying the hours of sunlight the panel gets, and the output power of itself, is determined the energy the panel produces in the previous mentioned Kilowatt Hours (kWh).

What’s a Good Battery for Solar Energy Systems?

Deep-cycle storage capability is a mandatory feature for batteries in a solar energy system. LifePO4 and Lead-acid batteries have this feature, as they can be discharged up to 80 percent of total capacity without any repercussions. Flooded lead-acid batteries are the most commonly used batteries in solar energy systems, as they also have a long lifespan and are cost-effective.

Lead-Acid battery

The disadvantage of flooded lead-acid batteries is that they are difficult to maintain, a definite drawback because solar plants are typically installed in terrain that can be challenging to access. The electrolyte of flooded lead-acid batteries evaporates, so these batteries must be refilled. They must also have an exhaust system to prevent hydrogen gas from accumulating to dangerous levels, so the battery station requires ventilation. Another problem with flooded lead-acid batteries is disposal, because of their toxicity. The challenges for Lead-Acid batteries are temperature extremes, weight, size and life span. Compared to an LA battery, the lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4, LFP) battery has more capacity, longer life span, and better resistance to high or low temperatures. The LiFepo4 battery is safer and more environmentally friendly. This means lithium iron phosphate has lower replacements and labor costs, and a lower average cost in the long run. These make lithium batteries are more valuable and are more suitable for long-term investment.

Benefits of LiFePO4 battery over Lead-Acid

• LifePO4 batteries have a life span of 10 times longer than that of traditional lead-acid batteries. This dramatically reduces the need for battery changes.

• Batteries operate with much lower resistance and consequently recharge at a faster rate.

• LifePO4 is lightweight batteries are lighter than lead-acid batteries, usually weighing about 1/4 less.

• LifePO4 provides twice the battery capacity in the same amount of space.

• With operating ranges from -40℃to 70℃, LifePO4 batteries handle far wider variations in temperature.
  
  

A Smart Decision

Solar panels systems are a little expensive in some cases but are a worthy, long-term investment. Whether it's wanted to produce day-to-day energy to our home, vehicle, boat or any other device, or simply to have a sunlight-charged energy backup. Every year more and more people switch to solar power energy, and they have a point. With the increasing concerns of climate change, plus gaining independency in terms of energy supply as in the cases of recreational vehicles. Using solar panels as our source for electricity, looks to be the smart decision to make these days.

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